FAU Advanced Health Assessment Practice Test

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What alternative name is used for Down Syndrome?

Trisomy 18
Trisomy 21
Turner Syndrome
Edwards Syndrome

The correct answer is: Trisomy 21

Down syndrome is commonly known as Trisomy 21 because it is characterized by the presence of an extra chromosome 21. Normally, humans have 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs, but individuals with Down syndrome have three copies of chromosome 21 instead of the usual two. This additional genetic material leads to the distinct physical characteristics and varying degrees of intellectual disability associated with the condition. Trisomy 18, also known as Edwards syndrome, and Turner syndrome refer to different chromosomal anomalies. Trisomy 18 involves an extra copy of chromosome 18, leading to severe developmental issues and structural abnormalities. Turner syndrome is a condition that affects females and is caused by a complete or partial absence of one of the two X chromosomes. Understanding these differences in chromosomal composition is essential in recognizing how Down syndrome specifically relates to Trisomy 21.